Everything about Leonhard Rauwolf totally explained
Leonhard Rauwolf (also spelled
Rauwolff) (
Augsburg,
June 21 in either
1535 or
1540 –
September 15,
1596,
Waitzen,
Hungary) was a
German physician,
botanist and traveller.
He was a pupil of
Guillaume Rondelet in
1560. In
1565 he set up a medical practice in
Augsburg. In that year he married Regina Jung, daughter of the patrician, Doctor Ambrosius Jung, the Younger.
He described several unknown plants in
Occident. The standard
botanical author abbreviation Rauwolff is applied to
species he described.
In
1573 he began a three year journey to the Near East. This journey was made possible by his brother-in-law Melchior Manlich. He hoped Leonhard would come back with new plants and drugs that could be traded profitably by his firm that already traded with the
Levant. But in addition to his botanical investigations, Leonhard observed and recorded his impressions of the people, customs, and sights of these Levantine trading centers as well. For example, he was the first European to describe the preparation and drinking of
coffee: "A very good drink they call Chaube that's almost as black as ink and very good in illness, especially of the stomach.This they drink in the morning early in the open places before everybody, without any fear or regard, out of clay or China cups, as hot as they can, sipping it a little at a time."
Leonhard visited many countries such as
Syria and
Armenia. In
1573 he visited
Constantinople, in
1574 he was in
Baghdad and in
1575 he was in
Jerusalem. Leonhard was the first botanist of the new era who had traveled this far into Asia. Circa
1576 he published the results of his botanic expeditions in his fourth herbarium "Viertes Kreutterbuech -- darein vil schoene und frembde Kreutter".
In
1582 he published his travel journal "Aigentliche Beschreibung der Raiß inn die Morgenländerin" in German. It also appeared in English and Dutch. Written from the point of view of an early Protestant pilgrim, his depictions of Jerusalem and of religious life in the Near East, both Christian and Muslim, are of particular historical value.
John Gill (theologian) refers to this work a number of times in his Exposition of the Bible to show the accuracy of biblical history.
In
1588 the leaders of Augsburg reverted to Catholicism, and Rauwolf, a leader of the Protestant opposition, left. He next served as city physician in
Linz for 8 years. In
1975 Linz named a street, the Rauwolfstraße, after him. In
1596 he joined the imperial troops fighting the Turks in Hungary, where he died.
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